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What is an asthma puffer and how is it used?

An asthma puffer—also called an inhaler—is a small, portable device that delivers a measured dose of asthma medication directly into the lungs. It is the most common way to manage asthma symptoms, as the medicine acts quickly where it’s needed and has fewer side effects than tablets.

There are two main types of puffers:

  • Relievers (usually blue or grey): These provide quick relief during an asthma attack by relaxing the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe. Common reliever medicines include salbutamol and terbutaline.
  • Preventers (usually brown, orange, or yellow): These are taken daily to reduce airway inflammation and prevent asthma symptoms. They are not used for immediate relief in an attack.

In a first aid situation, a reliever puffer is used according to the person’s asthma action plan or the asthma first aid protocol (4x4x4 method: 4 puffs, 4 breaths each, wait 4 minutes, repeat if needed). A spacer—a plastic chamber attached to the puffer—can improve medication delivery, especially for children or during severe symptoms.

If the person’s breathing does not improve after repeated doses, or symptoms worsen, call 000 immediately. Reliever puffers are safe to use frequently in an asthma emergency, and prompt administration can be life-saving.

Knowing how to use an asthma puffer correctly is an essential first aid skill for anyone caring for people with asthma.

An asthma puffer is an inhaler that delivers medication to help control or relieve asthma symptoms.

How to use an asthma puffer:

  • Shake the puffer well before use.

  • Attach it to a spacer if available.

  • Give 1 puff at a time, taking 4 breaths after each puff.

  • Follow the person’s asthma action plan or the asthma first aid protocol.

  • Call 000 if symptoms do not improve or worsen.

Takeaway to Remember

An asthma puffer is a handheld inhaler device that delivers medication directly into the lungs to relieve or prevent asthma symptoms. In first aid, a reliever puffer is used during an asthma attack.